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台風予測、性差、そして3R:持続可能な社会への貢献」の英語長文問題

以下の英文を読み、設問に答えなさい。

The increasing intensity and frequency of typhoons are a pressing global concern, impacting vulnerable communities disproportionately. While advancements in meteorological technology allow for more accurate typhoon prediction, a critical gap remains: understanding the nuanced ways in which typhoons affect different segments of the population. Recent research highlights significant gender disparities in typhoon vulnerability and resilience. Women, often bearing the brunt of responsibility for household management and childcare, face unique challenges during and after a typhoon, such as securing essential supplies or evacuating safely with children. This disparity is further compounded by existing societal inequalities, such as limited access to resources and information for women in marginalized communities. Furthermore, the environmental impact of typhoons, often exacerbated by climate change, underscores the urgent need to adopt sustainable practices aligned with the 3Rs: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle. The destruction caused by typhoons generates massive amounts of waste, posing a significant environmental and public health challenge. Effective disaster relief and recovery strategies must prioritize waste management, incorporating the 3Rs to minimize environmental damage and promote a more resilient infrastructure. This includes encouraging the use of sustainable building materials, implementing robust recycling programs, and reducing our overall consumption to lessen the burden on already stressed ecosystems. The intersection of typhoon prediction, gender disparities, and the 3Rs presents a complex but crucial area of study. Bridging the gap in understanding typhoon vulnerability requires not only improved forecasting but also targeted interventions that address the specific needs of vulnerable populations. This includes empowering women through access to resources and information, promoting community-based preparedness initiatives, and advocating for policies that prioritize gender equity. Simultaneously, adopting environmentally responsible practices that align with the 3Rs is critical to mitigating the long-term environmental and societal consequences of increasingly frequent and intense typhoons. Ultimately, a holistic approach that recognizes the interconnectedness of these issues is paramount to building more resilient and sustainable communities.

1. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a factor contributing to gender disparities in typhoon vulnerability?

2. The passage emphasizes the importance of the 3Rs in the context of typhoons. What is the primary reason for this emphasis?

3. What is the author's main argument regarding the relationship between typhoon prediction, gender disparities, and the 3Rs?

4. The word "disparity" in the passage refers to: