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セキュリティ、気候変動、宗教、平和:複雑に絡み合う現代的課題」の英語長文問題

以下の英文を読み、設問に答えなさい。

The 21st century presents humanity with a complex web of interconnected challenges. Consider, for instance, the seemingly disparate themes of cybersecurity, climate change, religion, and peace. While seemingly unrelated, these areas are intricately interwoven, influencing and shaping each other in profound ways. Cybersecurity breaches, for example, can severely disrupt critical infrastructure, including power grids and financial systems, potentially exacerbating existing social inequalities and creating instability that fuels conflict. Climate change, with its unpredictable weather patterns and resource scarcity, is a potent driver of migration and displacement, increasing competition for dwindling resources and potentially triggering violent conflicts. Religious extremism, often fueled by a sense of injustice and marginalization, can exploit these vulnerabilities, using social media and sophisticated communication technologies to recruit members and spread their ideologies globally. This, in turn, poses a significant challenge to international peace and security, demanding effective strategies to counter misinformation and promote intercultural understanding. The relationship between these factors is not always linear. For instance, improved access to information and communication technologies, while offering opportunities for progress and conflict resolution, can also be exploited to spread hate speech and incite violence. Similarly, advancements in green technologies, crucial in mitigating climate change, require secure supply chains and robust cybersecurity measures to prevent sabotage or disruptions. The very technologies designed to enhance security and promote sustainability can, therefore, become targets for malicious actors. Addressing these multifaceted challenges requires a holistic approach. International cooperation, fostering dialogue between diverse religious communities, and investing in education to promote critical thinking are all essential elements of a comprehensive strategy. Ignoring the interconnectedness of these issues risks creating a vicious cycle of instability, hindering progress towards sustainable development and lasting peace. We must recognize that peace is not merely the absence of war but a dynamic process of building trust, addressing root causes of conflict, and ensuring a more just and equitable world for all.

1. According to the passage, how does climate change contribute to global instability?

2. What is the passage's main argument regarding cybersecurity, climate change, religion, and peace?

3. The passage suggests that advancements in green technologies are vulnerable to what kind of threat?

4. What does the passage imply by stating that "peace is not merely the absence of war"?