The 21st century presents a complex interplay of global forces, none more significant than resource nationalism, demographic decline, and globalization itself. Resource nationalism, the prioritization of domestic resource control and exploitation, often manifests as protectionist policies aimed at securing vital resources for national interests. This can involve restricting exports of raw materials, nationalizing key industries, or prioritizing domestic consumption over international trade. Simultaneously, many developed nations grapple with declining birth rates and aging populations, leading to shrinking workforces and increased pressure on social security systems. This demographic shift exerts considerable strain on economies, potentially exacerbating competition for resources and creating new geopolitical tensions. Globalization, on the other hand, promotes interconnectedness and interdependence. Free trade agreements facilitate the flow of goods, services, and capital across borders, theoretically fostering economic growth and efficiency. However, globalization's benefits are not evenly distributed, and its impact on resource allocation and national sovereignty can be controversial. While it can provide access to a wider array of resources, it can also increase vulnerability to external shocks and fuel anxieties regarding national economic security, thus further intensifying resource nationalism. The interaction of these three forces – resource nationalism, demographic decline, and globalization – creates a dynamic and often contradictory landscape. For example, a nation facing a shrinking workforce might seek to secure access to foreign resources to maintain economic competitiveness, potentially clashing with the resource nationalism of the resource-rich nations. Conversely, a country actively promoting globalization to address resource scarcity might face domestic opposition from those advocating for protectionist policies to shield domestic industries. Understanding this intricate interplay is crucial for navigating the challenges of the 21st century. Effective policy-making requires a nuanced approach that balances national interests with the demands of global cooperation, taking into account both the opportunities and risks inherent in each of these powerful global trends. The future will depend on finding creative solutions that address resource security, demographic shifts, and the need for continued global integration, even as these forces often pull in opposing directions.
1. According to the passage, what is the primary characteristic of resource nationalism?
2. How does demographic decline impact the global landscape, according to the passage?
3. What is the passage's main argument regarding the relationship between globalization and resource nationalism?
4. What does the passage suggest as the key to navigating the challenges posed by these three forces?