ENGLISH MEBY

環境問題とセラミックス材料開発における政治的背景」の英語長文問題

以下の英文を読み、設問に答えなさい。

The development of new ceramic materials is intrinsically linked to environmental concerns and political ideologies. Consider, for instance, the rise of bioceramics. Driven by a growing awareness of the environmental impact of traditional materials, researchers have intensified their efforts to develop biodegradable and biocompatible alternatives. This shift reflects a broader societal move towards sustainability, influencing both governmental policies and industrial practices. However, the path towards sustainable material development is not without its complexities. The production of even environmentally friendly materials often involves energy-intensive processes and the use of rare earth elements, raising concerns about resource depletion and carbon emissions. Furthermore, the political landscape plays a crucial role. Government regulations, subsidies for green technologies, and international agreements significantly affect the viability and adoption of novel ceramic materials. The political will to enforce strict environmental standards or invest in research and development is paramount. Historically, the adoption of new materials has often been shaped by political forces. The widespread use of certain ceramics in construction, for example, can be traced back to government initiatives promoting national infrastructure projects or to political decisions regarding urban planning. These decisions, driven by factors such as economic growth, national security, or social welfare, often override immediate environmental considerations. A balanced approach that integrates environmental concerns with political realities is therefore essential for responsible material development. Moreover, the discourse surrounding material science is itself infused with political ideology. Different perspectives exist on the optimal balance between economic growth, environmental protection, and social equity. Debates surrounding resource extraction, waste management, and the equitable distribution of technological benefits often reflect underlying political ideologies and power dynamics. Examining this interplay of technology, environment, and politics is crucial for understanding the trajectory of materials innovation.

1. According to the passage, what is a major factor influencing the development and adoption of new ceramic materials?

2. The passage suggests that the production of even "environmentally friendly" materials presents challenges. What are these challenges primarily related to?

3. What role does the passage attribute to government actions in shaping the materials landscape?

4. The passage argues that the discourse surrounding material science is often influenced by: