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資源枯渇、教育、そして製造技術革新:未来社会の持続可能性」の英語長文問題

以下の英文を読み、設問に答えなさい。

The looming threat of resource depletion casts a long shadow over global sustainability. As populations grow and consumption patterns remain unsustainable, the availability of vital resources like minerals, freshwater, and arable land faces unprecedented strain. This scarcity poses a significant challenge to manufacturing, forcing industries to re-evaluate their production processes and embrace innovative technologies. Simultaneously, education plays a pivotal role in addressing this multifaceted crisis. A well-educated populace is better equipped to understand the complexities of resource management, develop sustainable consumption habits, and drive technological advancements in resource efficiency. However, the necessary investment in education often competes with the immediate demands of economic growth. Governments face a difficult balancing act, allocating resources between immediate economic needs and long-term investments in human capital—investments that are crucial for mitigating resource depletion and fostering technological innovation in manufacturing. This tension is particularly acute in developing nations, where the need for economic progress is often prioritized over educational reforms. Furthermore, the transition to sustainable manufacturing practices often requires significant upfront investment in research and development, potentially hindering smaller companies that lack the capital to adopt new technologies. The interaction between education, resource scarcity, and manufacturing innovation is complex and dynamic. Increased investment in science and engineering education can lead to breakthroughs in resource-efficient technologies, such as improved recycling techniques or the development of biodegradable materials. However, the success of such innovations depends not only on scientific advancements but also on societal adoption and policy support. Policies that incentivize sustainable practices and penalize wasteful consumption are essential for translating technological progress into tangible environmental benefits. Ultimately, achieving a sustainable future hinges on the synergistic interaction of technological ingenuity, informed citizenry, and supportive policy frameworks, all of which require adequate and sustained investment. Ultimately, the path towards a sustainable future necessitates a paradigm shift. This requires a long-term perspective that prioritizes sustainable practices and invests in both technological advancements and human capital development simultaneously. Only through concerted efforts across governments, industries, and individuals can we hope to effectively address the challenges posed by resource depletion and build a more secure and prosperous future for generations to come.

1. According to the passage, what is the primary challenge posed by resource depletion to manufacturing industries?

2. What is the main tension highlighted regarding governmental resource allocation?

3. How does the passage portray the role of education in addressing resource depletion?

4. What is the author's overall perspective on achieving a sustainable future?