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気温上昇と文化変容と漫画」の英語長文問題

以下の英文を読み、設問に答えなさい。

The rising global temperature is not merely an environmental issue; it profoundly impacts cultural landscapes and artistic expressions. Nowhere is this more evident than in the evolution of manga, the vibrant Japanese comic book culture. Traditionally, manga narratives often featured stark contrasts between seasons, with distinct visual representations of winter's snowscapes and summer's lush greenery. These seasonal shifts served as crucial plot devices, underscoring the passage of time and influencing character development. However, increasingly erratic weather patterns, characterized by milder winters and more intense heatwaves, are challenging these established tropes. Artists find themselves grappling with how to depict a world where seasonal distinctions are blurring, where the clear-cut visual language of traditional manga is becoming less relevant. Moreover, the themes explored in manga are also adapting to this new reality. Stories depicting extreme weather events, resource scarcity brought on by droughts, and the human cost of climate change are gaining prominence. Characters are wrestling with anxieties about environmental degradation and the uncertain future, reflecting the anxieties of contemporary Japanese society. This shift is not merely a reflection of external reality; it is a creative response, a way for artists to process and engage with the anxieties surrounding climate change. Some manga even utilize allegorical storytelling, portraying environmental issues through fantastical narratives, making the complex realities of global warming accessible to a wider audience. This evolution of manga is a microcosm of broader cultural changes. As global temperatures rise, artistic expressions worldwide are being forced to adapt, to reflect the challenges and uncertainties of a rapidly changing world. The narratives and visual styles of storytelling are evolving to accommodate the anxieties and realities of the climate crisis, underscoring the intimate connection between art and the environment. Manga, with its rich history and dynamism, provides a unique lens through which to examine this cultural transformation.

1. According to the passage, how has the changing climate affected the visual representation of seasons in manga?

2. What is the main point regarding the themes explored in contemporary manga?

3. The passage suggests that the evolution of manga is significant because it:

4. What literary device is mentioned as being used by some manga artists to address climate change?