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AI、自動運転、そして海洋プラスチック:未来社会の課題と可能性」の英語長文問題

以下の英文を読み、設問に答えなさい。

The convergence of artificial intelligence (AI), autonomous vehicles, and the pervasive problem of marine plastic pollution presents a complex challenge for the 21st century. While seemingly disparate, these three areas are increasingly intertwined, offering both unprecedented opportunities and significant risks. AI is rapidly advancing, powering innovations in various fields. In the context of autonomous vehicles, AI algorithms enable self-driving cars to navigate complex environments, potentially revolutionizing transportation. However, the development and deployment of autonomous vehicles raise ethical considerations, such as accident liability and job displacement. Furthermore, the manufacturing and disposal of these vehicles contribute to environmental problems, including electronic waste. The global crisis of marine plastic pollution is a pressing environmental concern. Millions of tons of plastic waste enter our oceans annually, harming marine life and ecosystems. AI can play a crucial role in addressing this issue. For example, AI-powered drones and satellite imagery analysis can be used to monitor plastic accumulation, identify pollution hotspots, and track the movement of plastic debris. Autonomous cleaning vessels, guided by AI, could significantly improve the efficiency of ocean cleanup efforts. However, the application of AI to solve environmental problems is not without its limitations. The development of sophisticated AI systems requires significant energy consumption, contributing to carbon emissions. Furthermore, the data used to train AI models may be biased, leading to inaccurate predictions or ineffective solutions. The responsible development and deployment of AI technologies require careful consideration of environmental and social impacts. Ultimately, the integration of AI and autonomous vehicles in addressing marine plastic pollution presents a double-edged sword. While offering powerful tools to combat this global crisis, the technology itself must be developed and utilized sustainably to avoid exacerbating existing environmental issues. The future hinges on our ability to harness the potential of AI responsibly while mitigating its potential negative consequences.

1. According to the passage, what is one of the ethical concerns related to autonomous vehicles?

2. How can AI contribute to solving the problem of marine plastic pollution?

3. What is a potential limitation of using AI to address environmental problems?

4. What is the main idea of the passage?

5. The passage suggests that the responsible development and deployment of AI requires: