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汚職、AI倫理、そして景気循環:複雑に絡み合う現代社会の課題」の英語長文問題

以下の英文を読み、設問に答えなさい。

The intricate relationship between corruption, AI ethics, and economic cycles presents a multifaceted challenge to modern society. Corruption, often manifesting as bribery or embezzlement, can significantly distort economic activity. During periods of economic expansion, the increased flow of funds can exacerbate the opportunities for corrupt practices, leading to inflated costs in public projects and inefficient resource allocation. Conversely, economic downturns can drive desperation, pushing individuals towards corruption as a means of survival or supplementing dwindling incomes. The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) further complicates this landscape. AI algorithms, while offering immense potential for economic growth and efficiency, are also susceptible to manipulation and bias. If AI systems are trained on biased data or are deployed without adequate ethical oversight, they can perpetuate and even amplify existing societal inequalities, potentially exacerbating corruption. For example, an AI-driven loan approval system trained on biased data might unfairly deny loans to specific demographics, driving them toward illicit activities. Simultaneously, the lack of transparency in some AI algorithms makes detecting and preventing corrupt practices more challenging. Moreover, the cyclical nature of economies interacts with both corruption and AI ethics in complex ways. The increased scrutiny often associated with economic booms can temporarily curb corruption, while the relaxed enforcement often seen in recessions can allow it to flourish. Similarly, the rapid development and deployment of AI during periods of economic growth might lead to a lag in the development of robust ethical guidelines, increasing the risk of unethical AI applications. Conversely, budgetary constraints during economic downturns can hinder the resources needed to effectively regulate both corruption and AI development. Therefore, a comprehensive approach is needed to address these interconnected issues. This requires not only strong anti-corruption measures but also the establishment of robust ethical frameworks for AI development and deployment, coupled with economic policies that promote sustainable and inclusive growth. Ignoring the complex interplay between these three factors risks perpetuating a cycle of corruption, inequality, and economic instability.

1. According to the passage, how does economic expansion influence corruption?

2. What is a potential negative consequence of biased AI systems, as discussed in the passage?

3. The passage suggests that the cyclical nature of economies affects which aspects of society?

4. What does the passage advocate for as a solution to the interconnected problems?