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高齢化社会におけるジェンダーとケアワーク:外見の役割」の英語長文問題

以下の英文を読み、設問に答えなさい。

Japan, like many developed nations, is grappling with a rapidly aging population and a shrinking workforce. This demographic shift places significant strain on the long-term care system, particularly concerning the provision of care for elderly individuals. While the need for care is universal, the societal expectations and experiences surrounding caregiving are often deeply gendered. Traditional gender roles have historically assigned women the primary responsibility for eldercare, perpetuating a cycle where women disproportionately bear the burden of caregiving for aging parents and relatives. This often leads to a significant impact on women's careers and overall well-being, creating a substantial societal cost. However, the changing dynamics of family structures and increasing female participation in the workforce challenge this established norm. Furthermore, the significance of appearance in the context of elderly care deserves considerable attention. For instance, the media frequently portrays elderly people in certain ways, often emphasizing their frailty or dependence. Such representations influence societal perceptions and expectations, potentially influencing how elderly individuals are treated and the level of care they receive. This is further complicated by ageism and the pervasive societal biases against aging. The idealization of youth and beauty reinforces negative stereotypes associated with aging, impacting self-esteem and potentially hindering access to appropriate care. Moreover, the presentation of self by elderly individuals themselves is also a significant factor. Many elderly women, internalizing societal pressures to maintain youthfulness, may feel compelled to adhere to unrealistic beauty standards. This pressure can lead to feelings of inadequacy and affect their self-perception and interaction with caregivers. Conversely, some reject these standards, challenging societal norms and advocating for diverse representations of aging. Addressing the complex interplay of aging, gender, and appearance requires a multi-faceted approach. This includes challenging entrenched gender stereotypes, promoting more inclusive and equitable care systems, and fostering more positive and realistic representations of aging in media and society. Only through such comprehensive strategies can we strive towards a more just and compassionate society for all elderly individuals, regardless of gender or outward appearance.

1. According to the passage, what is one of the major challenges related to Japan's aging population?

2. The passage suggests that societal expectations regarding eldercare are primarily influenced by:

3. How does the passage describe the impact of media portrayals of the elderly?

4. What is a significant factor affecting the self-perception of elderly women, as discussed in the passage?

5. What does the passage propose as a solution to the complex issues surrounding aging, gender, and appearance?