The rapid urbanization of the 21st century presents humanity with unprecedented challenges. Among these are the critical issues of privacy preservation in densely populated areas, the mitigation of earthquake damage through advanced structural engineering, and the sustainable provision of energy. These three seemingly disparate fields—privacy, seismic engineering, and fuel cell technology—are, in fact, intimately interconnected in the design of future-proof, resilient cities. Consider the issue of privacy. In densely populated urban environments, the constant surveillance and data collection inherent in smart city technologies raise serious concerns. Facial recognition, location tracking, and other forms of data mining can infringe upon individual liberties and create a chilling effect on freedom of expression. The need for robust privacy-preserving technologies, such as differential privacy and federated learning, becomes paramount in ensuring responsible innovation. Simultaneously, the threat of seismic activity looms large in many urban centers. The catastrophic consequences of earthquakes underscore the necessity for robust, resilient buildings and infrastructure. Advanced seismic isolation systems, employing technologies such as base isolation and energy dissipation devices, play a critical role in mitigating damage and loss of life. The integration of such systems requires careful planning and sophisticated engineering to ensure both structural integrity and cost-effectiveness. Finally, the sustainable energy supply forms the bedrock of a truly resilient city. Fuel cell technology, with its potential for high efficiency and low emissions, offers a viable pathway to decarbonizing urban energy systems. The challenges lie in improving the efficiency, durability, and affordability of fuel cells, as well as developing robust hydrogen infrastructure for fuel storage and distribution. Careful consideration must also be given to the environmental impact of hydrogen production. The interwoven nature of these three areas is evident. For example, effective emergency response following an earthquake requires reliable communication networks, which in turn demand a stable power supply from fuel cells. Data collected on building performance during seismic events can inform the design of future structures, but the privacy of residents must be protected. The complex interplay of technological advancements, societal needs, and environmental considerations highlights the multifaceted nature of urban planning for the 21st century.
1. According to the passage, what is one major challenge related to privacy in smart cities?
2. What is the primary purpose of advanced seismic isolation systems mentioned in the passage?
3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a challenge related to fuel cell technology?
4. The passage suggests that the three topics—privacy, seismic engineering, and fuel cell technology—are interconnected. Which of the following best illustrates this interconnection?