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液状化対策、国際協力、そして芸術:三位一体の取り組み」の英語長文問題

以下の英文を読み、設問に答えなさい。

The devastating 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake highlighted the urgent need for innovative approaches to liquefaction countermeasures. Liquefaction, the process by which water-saturated soil loses strength and stiffness, caused significant damage and loss of life. This catastrophe prompted not only intensified research into engineering solutions but also spurred international collaboration and unexpectedly, a surge in artistic expression inspired by the disaster and its aftermath. Engineers from around the globe joined forces, sharing expertise and resources to develop more resilient infrastructure. This international cooperation led to advancements in ground improvement techniques, early warning systems, and building codes designed to withstand liquefaction. The sharing of data and best practices fostered a global understanding of the phenomenon and its potential impact. However, the earthquake's impact transcended the purely technical. Artists, moved by the destruction and the resilience of the affected communities, began to create works reflecting their experiences. Sculptures, paintings, and installations emerged, serving as both memorials to the victims and powerful symbols of hope and recovery. These artistic expressions provided a vital avenue for emotional processing and community healing, offering a counterpoint to the often-cold, technical aspects of disaster mitigation. The fusion of engineering solutions, international collaboration, and artistic response to liquefaction presents a multifaceted approach to disaster management. While scientific advancements focus on preventing future damage, the artistic interpretations provide a profound understanding of the human cost and the enduring spirit of those impacted. This synthesis demonstrates that effectively addressing complex challenges requires a comprehensive strategy that encompasses both technical proficiency and empathetic engagement with the human dimension.

1. According to the passage, what was a significant consequence of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake?

2. What role did international cooperation play in addressing the challenges posed by liquefaction?

3. How did art contribute to the response to the earthquake and its aftermath?

4. What is the main idea of the passage?