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砂漠化、学習、そして家族:三位一体の課題」の英語長文問題

以下の英文を読み、設問に答えなさい。

The encroachment of deserts, effective learning strategies, and the complexities of adoption – seemingly disparate themes, yet interconnected threads woven into the fabric of human experience. Consider the arid landscapes of sub-Saharan Africa, where desertification, driven by climate change and unsustainable land management, forces families to migrate, disrupting education and placing immense strain on already fragile social structures. Children, often the most vulnerable, bear the brunt of this crisis. Education, the key to unlocking potential and fostering resilience, becomes a luxury they can ill afford. Schools lack resources, teachers are overworked, and the constant struggle for survival leaves little time for learning. Furthermore, displacement and family separation due to environmental pressures frequently result in children entering the adoption system, often facing challenges integrating into new homes and cultures. Conversely, in developed nations, while the immediate threat of desertification is less pressing, the challenges of effective learning and the complexities of adoption remain prominent. The pressure to excel academically can create immense stress for children, leading to mental health issues and hindering their overall development. Parents, grappling with societal expectations and the demands of modern life, might overlook the nuances of fostering a supportive learning environment, contributing to educational inequalities. Meanwhile, the adoption process itself is fraught with emotional and logistical hurdles for both adoptive and biological families, underscoring the human cost of complex family dynamics. The underlying issue connecting these seemingly disparate challenges lies in the importance of sustainable practices, both environmental and social. Addressing desertification necessitates a holistic approach – promoting sustainable agriculture, responsible water management, and community-based reforestation projects. Similarly, effective learning requires not merely access to resources but also the fostering of a nurturing, supportive environment where children can thrive. Finally, successful adoption hinges upon mutual understanding, open communication, and a commitment to building strong family bonds. Ultimately, these themes – combating desertification, facilitating effective learning, and navigating the intricacies of adoption – highlight the urgent need for collective action and a recognition of the profound interconnectedness of environmental, educational, and social well-being.

1. According to the passage, what is a major consequence of desertification in sub-Saharan Africa?

2. What is the passage's central argument regarding the three themes?

3. What challenge do children in developed nations face regarding education, as discussed in the passage?

4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a crucial factor in successful adoption, according to the passage?