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生態系保全と自動運転技術、そして文化交流:持続可能な未来への道筋」の英語長文問題

以下の英文を読み、設問に答えなさい。

The harmonious coexistence of technological advancement and environmental preservation is a defining challenge of the 21st century. Nowhere is this more apparent than in the intersection of autonomous vehicles, ecosystem conservation, and cultural exchange. The rise of self-driving cars promises increased efficiency and safety in transportation, but its environmental impact remains a complex issue. On one hand, autonomous vehicles have the potential to optimize traffic flow, reducing fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. They could also facilitate the development of more efficient public transportation systems, further minimizing the carbon footprint. Moreover, the precise navigation capabilities of autonomous vehicles could assist in wildlife conservation efforts. For instance, they could be programmed to avoid sensitive habitats, reducing habitat disruption and minimizing the risk of collisions with endangered species. However, the manufacturing and operation of autonomous vehicles require significant energy and resources. The extraction and processing of rare earth minerals needed for battery production raise serious environmental concerns, contributing to habitat destruction and pollution. Furthermore, the potential increase in car ownership and travel associated with cheaper and more accessible autonomous vehicles could negate any environmental benefits. Beyond environmental concerns, the integration of autonomous vehicles also has significant implications for cultural exchange. Increased mobility could facilitate cross-cultural interactions and the sharing of ideas and traditions, potentially fostering greater understanding and tolerance between different communities. However, it is crucial to consider the potential for these technologies to exacerbate existing social inequalities. Unequal access to autonomous vehicle technology could create further divides between wealthy and less affluent populations, undermining efforts to promote social equity and cultural diversity. Therefore, the successful implementation of autonomous vehicle technology requires a holistic approach, integrating considerations of environmental sustainability, economic viability, and social justice. Balancing technological innovation with ecological preservation and equitable cultural exchange is crucial in charting a course towards a truly sustainable future. The challenge lies in harnessing the potential of these technologies for the betterment of humanity while mitigating their potential negative consequences.

1. According to the passage, what is a major environmental concern related to autonomous vehicles?

2. How could autonomous vehicles potentially contribute to wildlife conservation, according to the passage?

3. What is a potential social implication of widespread autonomous vehicle adoption mentioned in the passage?

4. What is the central argument of the passage regarding autonomous vehicles?