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刑事司法、伝統工芸、そして拷問:日本の歴史における葛藤」の英語長文問題

以下の英文を読み、設問に答えなさい。

The intricate artistry of Japanese traditional crafts stands in stark contrast to the harsh realities of its criminal justice system, particularly during certain historical periods. Consider the exquisite detail of a meticulously crafted samurai sword, its blade honed to razor sharpness, a testament to generations of refined skill. This same dedication to precision, however, could be chillingly mirrored in the instruments of torture employed during periods of intense political upheaval or social unrest. Throughout Japanese history, the methods of extracting confessions varied. While some periods saw a relatively restrained approach focusing on imprisonment and interrogation, others were characterized by brutal methods. These ranged from the application of physical pressure to more sophisticated forms of psychological manipulation. The tools used, sometimes fashioned with the same meticulous care as the finest crafts, served a gruesome purpose, creating a disturbing juxtaposition between artistic skill and human cruelty. For example, the intricate workings of certain devices designed to inflict pain demonstrate a perverse ingenuity. The subtle adjustments possible within these tools, suggesting a level of understanding of the human body and its vulnerabilities, highlight a dark side of human creativity. These devices, while rarely explicitly documented in official records, appear subtly in various art forms, perhaps as metaphors or coded references, suggesting their presence in the collective consciousness even if directly discussing them was taboo. The tension between the aesthetics of traditional Japanese crafts and the brutal reality of historical torture practices raises crucial questions. How did a society capable of producing such beauty also tolerate such violence? What role did social hierarchy and political power play in shaping the acceptance, or at least the silence, surrounding such practices? The answers to these questions lie not only in official records but also in a nuanced understanding of the cultural context and the interplay between artistic expression and the darker aspects of human history.

1. What is the central contrast explored in the passage?

2. According to the passage, what can be inferred about the documentation of torture devices?

3. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning the "subtle adjustments" possible in torture devices?

4. What question does the passage leave the reader to consider?