Genetic engineering, the direct manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology, presents a complex interplay of scientific advancement, social responsibility, and fundamental human rights. While promising solutions to various global challenges such as food security and disease treatment, it also raises profound ethical concerns and questions of equity. The development of genetically modified (GM) crops, for example, has significantly boosted agricultural yields in some regions, potentially alleviating hunger and malnutrition. However, the high cost of GM seeds often excludes smallholder farmers in developing countries, exacerbating existing inequalities. Furthermore, concerns remain regarding the potential environmental impact of GM crops, including the development of herbicide-resistant weeds and the disruption of biodiversity. Beyond agriculture, gene editing technologies like CRISPR-Cas9 offer unprecedented possibilities for treating genetic diseases. This raises important questions about accessibility and affordability. Who will have access to these potentially life-saving therapies? Will the cost of gene editing treatments create a two-tiered healthcare system, where the wealthy receive advanced treatments while the poor are left behind? This raises significant concerns about healthcare equity and the right to health, a fundamental human right enshrined in international declarations. Moreover, the use of genetic engineering in human reproduction raises complex ethical dilemmas. Germline gene editing, which alters the genes of future generations, is particularly controversial. Concerns surround the potential for unintended consequences, the slippery slope towards eugenics, and the infringement upon the reproductive rights of individuals. Determining the ethical boundaries of genetic intervention requires a careful consideration of societal values and the potential impact on future generations. Ultimately, navigating the complexities of genetic engineering necessitates a thoughtful approach that balances the potential benefits with the ethical implications. International collaboration, robust regulatory frameworks, and open public discourse are vital to ensure that this powerful technology is used responsibly and equitably, upholding human rights and promoting social justice.
1. Which of the following is NOT a significant ethical concern raised by the passage regarding genetic engineering?
2. The passage suggests that the accessibility of gene editing therapies raises concerns primarily about:
3. According to the passage, what is a crucial element in ensuring the responsible and equitable use of genetic engineering?
4. The passage's discussion of germline gene editing primarily focuses on: