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集団行動、グローバリゼーション、そしてスポーツ:国際スポーツ大会の光と影」の英語長文問題

以下の英文を読み、設問に答えなさい。

The modern Olympic Games, a spectacle of global proportions, represent a fascinating intersection of collective action, globalization, and sport. Millions across the globe are united by a shared passion for athletic competition, transcending national borders and cultural differences. This unifying power is a testament to the potential of sport to foster international cooperation and understanding. However, the Games are not without their criticisms. The massive infrastructure projects often required, from new stadiums to upgraded transportation networks, can displace local communities and strain public resources. The exorbitant costs associated with hosting the event often raise concerns about equitable distribution of wealth and potential corruption. Furthermore, the intense focus on national pride and medal counts can overshadow the spirit of fair play and athletic excellence, leading to controversies surrounding doping scandals and biased officiating. Globalization plays a pivotal role in shaping the modern Olympics. The event’s reach extends far beyond the host nation, involving athletes, sponsors, media organizations, and spectators from across the globe. This global reach is a testament to the increasingly interconnected nature of our world, but it also raises concerns about economic inequality and cultural homogenization. The dominance of certain nations in certain sports can exacerbate existing power imbalances on the world stage. The influx of corporate sponsorships can, at times, compromise the integrity and ethical values that sports should uphold. The athletes themselves, representing a microcosm of global diversity, are subject to intense pressures. They face tremendous expectations, not only to perform at their peak physically but also to embody national pride and uphold a particular image. Balancing the demands of collective action, representing their nation, and maintaining their individual identities is a significant challenge. The pressure to conform to certain expectations, sometimes at the expense of their individual well-being, raises ethical questions about the role of sport in a globalized world. Ultimately, the Olympic Games stand as a complex symbol of our interconnected world. While they showcase the unifying power of sport and celebrate athletic achievement, they simultaneously expose the challenges of globalization and the inherent tensions between individual aspirations and collective responsibilities. The future of the Games lies in addressing these challenges ethically and sustainably, ensuring that they truly embody the values of sportsmanship, fair play, and global cooperation.

1. According to the passage, what is a significant criticism of the modern Olympic Games?

2. What role does globalization play in shaping the modern Olympics, as discussed in the passage?

3. What challenge do athletes face, according to the passage?

4. What is the main idea of the passage?