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ジェンダー、人種、貧困:絡み合う不平等と社会変革」の英語長文問題

以下の英文を読み、設問に答えなさい。

The intricate interplay of gender, race, and poverty creates a complex web of social inequality, significantly impacting individuals' life chances and societal progress. Women of color, particularly those living in impoverished communities, often face a triple burden of discrimination. Firstly, gender inequality manifests in various forms, from unequal pay and limited access to education and healthcare to disproportionate representation in leadership roles and pervasive gender-based violence. These inequalities are further exacerbated by racial discrimination, which often results in systemic disadvantages in employment, housing, and the justice system. For example, studies have shown that Black women earn significantly less than white men for the same work, even when controlling for education and experience. Secondly, the intersection of race and poverty amplifies the challenges faced by marginalized groups. Poverty itself can limit access to resources and opportunities, hindering educational attainment and economic advancement. When combined with racial prejudice, this creates a cycle of disadvantage that is difficult to break. For instance, historically redlined neighborhoods often remain economically disadvantaged, perpetuating poverty and limiting access to quality education and healthcare. Thirdly, the combination of these factors results in unique and compounded experiences of marginalization. This means that the challenges faced by a poor Black woman are not simply the sum of the challenges faced by a poor woman and a Black woman; instead, it is a complex, interwoven experience with unique forms of oppression. Understanding this intersectionality is crucial for formulating effective strategies for social change. Addressing these intersecting forms of inequality requires a multi-pronged approach that tackles systemic discrimination and promotes social justice. This involves implementing policies that address unequal pay, improve access to education and healthcare, and combat gender-based violence. It also requires challenging ingrained biases and prejudices that perpetuate racial and gender disparities, advocating for affirmative action initiatives and promoting inclusivity in all aspects of society. Ultimately, breaking the cycle of poverty requires a comprehensive strategy that acknowledges and addresses the complex interaction of gender, race, and poverty.

1. According to the passage, what is the "triple burden" faced by women of color in impoverished communities?

2. What does the passage suggest is a key factor in perpetuating poverty?

3. The passage emphasizes the importance of understanding "intersectionality." What does this concept refer to in the context of the passage?

4. What kind of approach does the passage advocate for in addressing the inequalities discussed?