India, the world's largest democracy, operates under a parliamentary system, a legacy of its British colonial past. This system, characterized by a fusion of executive and legislative powers, vests significant authority in the Prime Minister and their cabinet, who are accountable to the Parliament. However, India's parliamentary system is not a mere replication of the Westminster model. Its evolution has been significantly shaped by its unique historical context, including the struggle for independence, the adoption of a constitution reflecting diverse regional identities, and the persistent challenges of poverty, inequality, and religious diversity. The independence movement, led by figures like Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru, played a crucial role in shaping India's political landscape. The demand for self-rule fueled the development of political parties and institutions, laying the groundwork for the future parliamentary system. Post-independence, the Constituent Assembly, tasked with drafting the constitution, grappled with issues of federalism, secularism, and social justice. The resulting document, a blend of various constitutional traditions, established a framework for a democratic republic, albeit one facing immense socio-economic challenges. India's engagement with international organizations reflects its evolving role on the global stage. As a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement during the Cold War, India championed a path of neutrality, advocating for peaceful coexistence and international cooperation. Subsequently, its increasing economic and political influence has led to greater participation in global forums, including the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, and the G20. Its contributions to these organizations are often guided by principles of multilateralism and the promotion of global governance reforms aimed at addressing issues like climate change and sustainable development. However, India's actions on the international stage are also constrained by its domestic political realities and strategic interests. The interplay between India's parliamentary system, its historical trajectory, and its international engagements reveals a complex and multifaceted picture. Understanding this dynamic interplay is essential for comprehending India's position in the contemporary world order and its ongoing efforts to address internal challenges while engaging actively in the global arena.
1. According to the passage, which factor did NOT significantly shape the evolution of India’s parliamentary system?
2. What role did the Constituent Assembly play in shaping post-independence India?
3. The passage suggests that India's engagement with international organizations is primarily driven by:
4. Which statement BEST summarizes the passage's main argument?