Lake Biwa, Japan’s largest lake, is not merely a geographical feature; it is deeply intertwined with the nation’s history, culture, and ecology. For centuries, the lake has been a vital source of sustenance and transportation, shaping the lives and traditions of surrounding communities. However, rapid industrialization and population growth in the 20th century placed immense pressure on the lake’s ecosystem. Traditional fishing practices, passed down through generations, played a crucial role in maintaining the lake's ecological balance. These methods, often relying on meticulous observation of natural cycles and sustainable harvesting techniques, prevented overfishing and preserved biodiversity. However, the introduction of modern fishing technologies and increased demand for fish led to a decline in these traditional practices and consequently, a disruption in the lake’s delicate ecosystem. The concept of ‘規範統計’ (normative statistics) becomes relevant in understanding the impact of these changes. Normative statistics, unlike descriptive statistics that simply describe data, evaluate data against a standard or ideal. In the context of Lake Biwa, we can use normative statistics to compare current fish populations and water quality to historical data reflecting the lake’s ecological state before significant industrialization. This comparison reveals the magnitude of the ecological degradation and the extent to which traditional practices contributed to the lake’s health. Efforts are now underway to revive traditional fishing methods and implement sustainable management practices. This includes incorporating data from normative statistical analysis to establish scientifically-based targets for water quality and fish populations. Furthermore, integrating ecological knowledge with local cultural traditions offers a promising approach to achieving sustainable coexistence between human activities and the lake’s ecosystem. The revitalization of Lake Biwa is not merely an environmental issue; it is a complex challenge requiring an interdisciplinary approach that blends scientific data, historical understanding, and cultural preservation.
1. According to the passage, what is the significance of ‘規範統計’ (normative statistics) in understanding the changes in Lake Biwa’s ecosystem?
2. What role did traditional fishing practices play in maintaining the ecological balance of Lake Biwa?
3. Which of the following best describes the author’s perspective on the revitalization of Lake Biwa?
4. What is the main purpose of the passage?