Japan, like many developed nations, faces the multifaceted challenge of a declining population. This demographic shift, driven by factors such as low birth rates and an aging society, presents a complex web of economic, social, and political ramifications. Economically, a shrinking workforce threatens productivity and economic growth. The competitive landscape is further complicated by globalization, where Japan must contend with increasingly powerful emerging economies. Maintaining a competitive edge requires significant investment in innovation and technological advancement, fostering an environment conducive to attracting and retaining skilled workers, both domestic and international. Socially, a smaller population necessitates a re-evaluation of social support systems. The burden of supporting an aging population falls heavily on a shrinking workforce, requiring innovative solutions in healthcare, pensions, and elder care. Additionally, the declining number of young people may lead to a shortage of skilled labor across numerous sectors, further exacerbating economic challenges. Beyond economic and social concerns, Japan, like other nations, faces the persistent threat of terrorism. Maintaining national security necessitates comprehensive strategies encompassing intelligence gathering, cybersecurity, and international cooperation. Balancing the need for security with the protection of civil liberties poses a constant challenge for policymakers. The interconnected nature of these challenges necessitates a holistic approach. Addressing population decline requires both short-term measures to stimulate birth rates and long-term strategies to adapt to a smaller population. Boosting economic competitiveness demands investment in R&D, education, and infrastructure. Effective counter-terrorism measures require collaboration with international partners and a robust domestic security apparatus. The success of any single policy rests on its ability to integrate seamlessly with broader national strategies.
1. According to the passage, what is one of the major economic challenges posed by Japan's declining population?
2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor contributing to Japan's declining population?
3. The passage suggests that maintaining a competitive edge in the global economy requires:
4. What is the main point emphasized by the passage regarding the interconnected nature of these challenges?