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ソーシャルキャピタル、演劇、そして社会規範:緊密なコミュニティにおける行動の変容」の英語長文問題

以下の英文を読み、設問に答えなさい。

The interplay between social capital, theatrical performance, and social norms within close-knit communities presents a fascinating area of study. Social capital, often defined as the networks of relationships among people who live and work in a particular society, enabling that society to function effectively, plays a crucial role in shaping individual behavior. In many rural communities, for example, strong social ties foster a sense of collective responsibility and adherence to traditional norms. However, the introduction of theatrical performances can disrupt this equilibrium. Theatre, by its very nature, involves role-playing and the exploration of alternative behaviors. A play might depict characters who challenge established social norms, showcasing different values and priorities. This exposure to unconventional behavior can sow the seeds of change within the community, potentially leading to questioning of traditional practices and a gradual shift in social norms. The impact of theatrical performance is not uniform, however. The effectiveness of such performances in altering social behavior depends heavily on factors such as the content of the play, the community's existing social capital, and the degree of trust and openness within the community. In communities with strong social capital, where individuals are deeply interconnected and trust one another implicitly, the disruptive potential of theatre might be muted by existing social control mechanisms. Members of the community may interpret the play's themes within the context of their pre-existing social norms, thereby minimizing the likelihood of significant behavioral change. Conversely, in communities with weaker social capital, characterized by a lack of trust and fractured social networks, the introduction of theatrical performances could have a more profound impact. The play might offer a platform for expressing grievances and challenging established power structures, potentially leading to significant social change. In such cases, the play serves as a catalyst for breaking down established norms and facilitating a shift towards more egalitarian relationships. Ultimately, the relationship between social capital, theatrical performance, and social norms is complex and multifaceted. Understanding this dynamic requires careful consideration of the specific context, including the nature of the community, the content of the theatrical production, and the existing power structures within the community.

1. According to the passage, how does strong social capital affect the impact of theatrical performances on social norms?

2. What is the main idea of the passage?

3. In communities with weak social capital, how might theatrical performances be perceived?

4. The passage suggests that the effectiveness of theatre in changing social behavior is contingent upon which of the following?