ENGLISH MEBY

為替、投資、そして創造性:グローバル経済とイノベーション」の英語長文問題

以下の英文を読み、設問に答えなさい。

The interplay between exchange rates, investment strategies, and the fostering of creative environments is a complex but crucial aspect of modern global economics. Fluctuations in currency values significantly impact international trade and investment decisions. A weakening domestic currency, for instance, can boost exports by making them cheaper for foreign buyers. Conversely, a strong currency can make imports more affordable but harm export competitiveness. Investors carefully analyze these exchange rate dynamics, often hedging against potential losses through various financial instruments. Furthermore, the availability of capital, heavily influenced by investor confidence and macroeconomic conditions, is a cornerstone for innovation. Start-ups and small-to-medium enterprises (SMEs) rely on investment to develop new technologies and products. Access to venture capital, angel investors, and government grants often determines their success or failure. A stable and predictable economic environment, including a relatively stable exchange rate, tends to attract more investment, fostering a more fertile ground for innovation. However, the relationship isn't straightforward. Unpredictable currency fluctuations can introduce risk and uncertainty, discouraging long-term investment. This instability can particularly harm SMEs that lack the resources to manage such risks effectively. Moreover, the pursuit of economic growth shouldn't come at the expense of creativity. Overemphasis on short-term profits can stifle innovation by prioritizing established industries over emerging, potentially disruptive ones. A truly supportive environment balances economic stability with the encouragement of bold ideas and entrepreneurial spirit. Governments play a critical role in navigating this complex landscape. They can influence exchange rates through monetary policy and intervene to mitigate extreme volatility. Simultaneously, they can implement policies to encourage investment in innovative sectors, providing incentives for risk-taking and long-term growth. Ultimately, a successful economic strategy requires a delicate balance between managing macroeconomic factors, such as exchange rates, and cultivating an environment conducive to creative problem-solving and entrepreneurial success. This balance is essential for sustainable and inclusive economic development.

1. According to the passage, how does a weakening domestic currency affect exports?

2. What is a major factor influencing the availability of capital for innovation, as discussed in the passage?

3. The passage suggests that unpredictable currency fluctuations can negatively impact which type of businesses most significantly?

4. What is the author's main point regarding the relationship between economic growth and creativity?

5. What role do governments play in managing the interplay between exchange rates, investment, and creative environments?