Japan, a nation grappling with a declining birthrate and an aging population, finds itself at a critical juncture. The confluence of globalization, ethical considerations in international economics, and demographic shifts presents a complex web of challenges. While globalization has offered economic opportunities, it has also exposed Japan to intense international competition, forcing businesses to prioritize efficiency and profitability. This often translates to pressures to reduce labor costs, potentially impacting worker welfare and work-life balance, factors already strained by societal expectations and the burden of eldercare. Furthermore, ethical dilemmas are inherent in the globalized economy. Concerns surrounding fair trade practices, environmental sustainability, and corporate social responsibility are increasingly prominent. Japanese companies, operating within a complex international framework, face the pressure to balance profit maximization with ethical conduct. This is particularly challenging in industries where production is outsourced to countries with less stringent labor or environmental regulations. The question of responsibility becomes paramount: should Japanese companies prioritize profits even if it means compromising ethical standards in their supply chains, or should they bear the higher costs associated with maintaining ethical production practices? The declining birthrate exacerbates these challenges. A shrinking workforce necessitates increased productivity, further intensifying pressure on employees. The shrinking tax base also strains public services, including healthcare and social security, which are vital for supporting an aging population. Policies designed to address the falling birthrate, such as increased childcare subsidies or parental leave, often come at a significant financial cost, raising questions about resource allocation and economic sustainability. The interplay between these three factors—globalization, ethics, and demographics—presents a formidable challenge to Japan's future. Finding sustainable solutions that balance economic growth, ethical business practices, and societal well-being requires a multifaceted approach that engages policymakers, businesses, and the public in a national dialogue. This necessitates a critical reevaluation of existing social norms, economic policies, and ethical standards to forge a path towards a more sustainable and equitable future.
1. According to the passage, what is one of the major challenges faced by Japanese businesses in a globalized economy?
2. How does the declining birthrate in Japan exacerbate the challenges mentioned in the passage?
3. What is the main argument of the passage?
4. The passage suggests that addressing Japan's challenges requires: