ENGLISH MEBY

相互理解、星、そして科学哲学:宇宙探査におけるパラダイムシフト」の英語長文問題

以下の英文を読み、設問に答えなさい。

The quest to understand the cosmos has always been intertwined with our attempts to understand ourselves. Ancient civilizations looked to the stars for guidance, weaving narratives of gods and heroes into the celestial tapestry. Today, our understanding of the universe, fueled by advancements in physics and technology, is far more sophisticated, yet the fundamental questions remain: What is our place in the cosmos? How can we bridge the gap between our subjective experiences and the objective reality of the universe? Modern astrophysics relies heavily on computer simulations to model the complex dynamics of celestial bodies. These simulations, while powerful tools, are inherently limited by the models and assumptions upon which they are built. The accuracy of a simulation depends on the fidelity of our understanding of the underlying physical laws, and our understanding is, in turn, shaped by the limitations of our observational instruments and theoretical frameworks. This raises profound epistemological questions about the nature of scientific knowledge: Can we ever truly know the universe, or are our models merely approximations of reality? Furthermore, the search for extraterrestrial life adds another layer of complexity to our understanding of our place in the universe. The discovery of life beyond Earth would not only revolutionize our biology but also profoundly impact our philosophical and theological perspectives. It could challenge our anthropocentric worldview, forcing us to reconsider our assumptions about the uniqueness of human existence and the meaning of life itself. The possibility of communicating with such life forms raises even more intricate challenges, demanding a level of interspecies understanding that stretches the boundaries of our current cognitive and communicative capacities. The very act of searching for extraterrestrial life presupposes a certain understanding of the universe, and the success or failure of this endeavor will, in turn, reshape our understanding. Therefore, the exploration of the cosmos is not simply a scientific endeavor; it is a philosophical journey. It compels us to question our assumptions, confront our biases, and grapple with the profound implications of our discoveries. The pursuit of knowledge, in this context, is a process of mutual understanding – between humanity and the universe, and between different cultures and perspectives on the universe. The stars, once mere points of light in the night sky, become symbols of this enduring quest for knowledge and self-discovery.

1. According to the passage, what is a significant limitation of using computer simulations in astrophysics?

2. The passage suggests that the discovery of extraterrestrial life would primarily impact which of the following areas?

3. What is the central argument of the passage concerning the exploration of the cosmos?

4. The author uses the analogy of the stars as "mere points of light" transforming into "symbols of this enduring quest" to illustrate which concept?