Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), invented in 1981, revolutionized the field of nanoscience by enabling scientists to visualize and manipulate individual atoms. This groundbreaking technology relies on the quantum mechanical phenomenon of tunneling current, where electrons can pass through a potential barrier even if they lack the energy to overcome it. By scanning a sharp tip across a surface at a very small distance, STM measures the tunneling current, which is exquisitely sensitive to the distance between the tip and the surface. Variations in this current are then used to create an image of the surface with atomic resolution. STM's impact extends far beyond basic research. It has found applications in various fields, including materials science, where it is used to characterize surface structures and defects; electronics, where it aids in the development of nanoscale devices; and even biology, where it's employed to image biomolecules. The ability to directly visualize and manipulate atoms opens doors to unprecedented control over matter at the atomic level, paving the way for the creation of new materials and devices with tailored properties. However, the dissemination and impact of this scientific advancement are not solely confined to peer-reviewed journals and specialized conferences. Social media platforms have become increasingly important channels for sharing scientific findings and fostering public engagement with science. Researchers actively use platforms like Twitter and ResearchGate to disseminate their work, engage in discussions, and collaborate internationally. This democratization of scientific information, however, comes with its challenges. The speed of information sharing on social media often outpaces rigorous peer review, potentially leading to the spread of misinformation or premature conclusions. Furthermore, the inherent limitations of simplified explanations needed for broader online audiences might oversimplify complex scientific concepts, potentially leading to misunderstandings. The interplay between the scientific rigor of peer-reviewed publications and the rapid dissemination of information through social media represents a complex landscape. The question remains: how can we effectively leverage the power of social media to promote scientific literacy while maintaining the integrity of scientific discovery and preventing the spread of misinformation?
1. According to the passage, what is the primary principle underlying the functionality of STM?
2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an application of STM mentioned in the passage?
3. The passage suggests that the use of social media in disseminating scientific findings presents which of the following challenges?
4. What is the main point the author is trying to convey in the concluding paragraph?