The interconnectedness of global environmental challenges is increasingly apparent. Water pollution and desertification, seemingly disparate issues, are in fact intricately linked. Water pollution, stemming from industrial discharge, agricultural runoff, and inadequate sanitation, degrades water quality, impacting both human health and ecosystems. Contaminated water sources, depleted of oxygen and teeming with harmful pathogens, threaten biodiversity and disrupt delicate aquatic food webs. Desertification, the process by which fertile land turns into desert, is often exacerbated by unsustainable water management practices. Over-extraction of groundwater for agriculture and industry contributes to the depletion of water tables, leading to land degradation and the expansion of arid zones. The resulting loss of vegetation further accelerates desertification, creating a vicious cycle of environmental degradation. Addressing these challenges requires a multifaceted approach. Sustainable agricultural practices, such as water-efficient irrigation and crop diversification, are crucial in minimizing agricultural runoff and preserving water resources. Investing in robust wastewater treatment infrastructure is essential to reduce industrial and domestic pollution. Furthermore, reforestation and afforestation efforts are vital in combating desertification by restoring soil fertility and preventing soil erosion. International cooperation and knowledge sharing are also indispensable in effectively tackling these transboundary environmental problems. Effective governance, incorporating environmental regulations, economic incentives, and public awareness campaigns, is paramount to ensure the long-term sustainability of these efforts. Community involvement is critical for promoting responsible water use and land management practices. Ultimately, a holistic approach, integrating ecological, economic, and social considerations, is vital for achieving sustainable development and mitigating the detrimental effects of water pollution and desertification.
1. According to the passage, what is a major factor contributing to both water pollution and desertification?
2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a solution to water pollution and desertification in the passage?
3. What is the main idea conveyed in the final paragraph of the passage?
4. The passage suggests that the relationship between water pollution and desertification is: