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ミルの功利主義と自由、そして演劇:個人の幸福と社会の調和」の英語長文問題

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John Stuart Mill's concept of liberty, deeply rooted in utilitarianism, finds a compelling parallel in the world of theatre. Mill argued for individual liberty, emphasizing the importance of self-development and the pursuit of happiness, but within the bounds of not harming others. This principle, often summarized as "harm principle," suggests that individual actions should only be restricted when they directly infringe upon the well-being of others. Consider the nature of theatrical performance. A play, at its core, is an exploration of human experience, often venturing into controversial or uncomfortable themes. A playwright might depict a character grappling with moral dilemmas, exploring taboo subjects, or challenging societal norms. From Shakespeare's explorations of ambition and revenge to modern plays tackling issues of gender and identity, theatre constantly pushes boundaries. This inherent risk-taking within theatre appears, at first glance, to contradict Mill's harm principle. A play might depict violence, immoral actions, or prejudice, potentially causing offense or distress to some audience members. However, Mill's framework acknowledges the importance of free expression, even when uncomfortable. The potential for harm from exposure to challenging ideas needs to be weighed against the significant benefits of artistic expression and intellectual discourse. The freedom to create and to experience art, particularly art that challenges our assumptions, is crucial for the growth of a society. Furthermore, the experience of theatre can foster empathy and understanding. By witnessing the lives and struggles of diverse characters, audience members can develop a greater capacity for compassion and tolerance. This indirect, yet significant, contribution to social well-being aligns with Mill's utilitarian philosophy, which prioritizes the greatest good for the greatest number. The potential for harm is mitigated by the broader positive impact of artistic expression on society’s moral and intellectual development. Ultimately, the relationship between Mill's philosophy and the theatre illustrates a delicate balance between individual liberty and social responsibility. While the creation and consumption of art carries potential risks, the long-term benefits, in terms of intellectual stimulation, empathetic growth, and societal progress, far outweigh the potential for harm. The freedom of artistic expression, therefore, serves not only individual fulfillment but also the collective well-being of a society.

1. According to the passage, what is the core of Mill’s harm principle?

2. How does the passage reconcile the potential harm caused by theatrical performances with Mill’s philosophy?

3. What is the primary benefit of theatre mentioned in the passage that aligns with Mill's utilitarianism?

4. Which of the following best describes the relationship between Mill's philosophy and theatre, as presented in the passage?