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医療人材不足、政治テロリズム、社会階層:複雑に絡み合う現代社会の課題」の英語長文問題

以下の英文を読み、設問に答えなさい。

The interconnected challenges of healthcare worker shortages, political terrorism, and social stratification represent a complex web of issues plaguing modern societies. These seemingly disparate problems are often deeply intertwined, creating a vicious cycle that perpetuates inequality and instability. Healthcare worker shortages exacerbate existing social inequalities. In areas with limited access to healthcare, often disproportionately affecting marginalized communities, the lack of medical professionals leads to poorer health outcomes, decreased life expectancy, and increased vulnerability to disease. This disparity further entrenches existing social strata, limiting opportunities for upward mobility and perpetuating cycles of poverty. Political terrorism, in turn, can severely disrupt healthcare systems, often targeting hospitals and medical personnel. Attacks on healthcare infrastructure not only cause immediate casualties and injuries but also hinder long-term healthcare provision, creating a vacuum that is difficult to fill, particularly in already resource-constrained environments. This disruption disproportionately affects vulnerable populations, further widening the healthcare gap and intensifying existing social inequalities. The root causes of these problems are often deeply embedded in socio-political structures. Factors such as inadequate funding for healthcare, insufficient training and support for healthcare workers, and a lack of political will to address systemic inequalities all contribute to the crisis. Moreover, social stratification itself can influence susceptibility to political terrorism. Marginalized communities, facing systemic discrimination and limited opportunities, may be more likely to be recruited by extremist groups or to become victims of terrorist attacks. Addressing these interconnected challenges requires a multi-faceted approach. Increased investment in healthcare infrastructure and personnel training is crucial. Furthermore, effective counter-terrorism strategies must be implemented while prioritizing the protection of civilians, especially vulnerable populations. However, ultimately, sustainable solutions require addressing the underlying social inequalities that fuel both healthcare worker shortages and political terrorism. This necessitates comprehensive policy reforms that promote social justice, equity, and inclusive growth, ensuring that all members of society have access to quality healthcare and opportunities for a better life.

1. According to the passage, how do healthcare worker shortages exacerbate social inequalities?

2. What is the passage's main argument regarding the relationship between political terrorism and healthcare systems?

3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a contributing factor to the problems discussed in the passage?

4. What kind of approach does the passage suggest for addressing the interconnected challenges?