「市場経済とマスキュリニティ、そして文化：グローバル化の影」の英語長文問題

The relentless march of globalization has profoundly reshaped cultural landscapes worldwide, often at the expense of traditional values and social structures. Nowhere is this more evident than in the evolving relationship between market economies, masculinity, and cultural identity. The rise of neoliberal capitalism, with its emphasis on individual achievement and competition, has arguably fostered a particular type of masculinity—one that prioritizes aggressive ambition, material success, and a relentless pursuit of wealth. This ‘hyper-masculine’ ideal, often propagated through media and popular culture, presents a narrow and potentially damaging definition of manhood. It places immense pressure on men to conform to unrealistic expectations, leading to stress, anxiety, and a sense of inadequacy for those who fall short. Furthermore, this model often clashes with traditional cultural norms of masculinity that emphasize community, responsibility, and emotional restraint, creating internal conflict and social tensions. In many societies, traditional notions of masculinity were deeply intertwined with specific roles and responsibilities within the community. A man’s worth was often measured by his contribution to the collective well-being, rather than solely by individual economic success. However, the global spread of market-driven values has challenged these established norms, leading to a decline in traditional occupations and a redefinition of what constitutes ‘a successful man.’ This shift can have devastating consequences, particularly for men in rural or less developed communities who may find themselves marginalized and lacking a sense of purpose in a rapidly changing world. The impact extends beyond individual men to encompass broader societal issues. The hyper-emphasis on material wealth and individual achievement can contribute to increased social inequality and a decline in social cohesion. The erosion of traditional cultural values can lead to a sense of alienation and rootlessness, particularly among younger generations grappling with conflicting ideals. Ultimately, understanding the complex interplay between market economies, masculinity, and cultural identity is crucial for addressing the social challenges arising from globalization. This requires a critical examination of the dominant narratives surrounding success and masculinity, and a renewed effort to foster more inclusive and sustainable models of social and economic development that value both individual achievement and collective well-being.