The fight against karoshi, or death from overwork, in Japan has been a long and arduous one. While the issue has gained increasing international attention, particularly from organizations like the World Health Organization (WHO), the deep-rooted cultural norms and societal pressures in Japan continue to present significant challenges. This complex issue necessitates a multi-faceted approach, combining legal frameworks, social movements, and a shift in societal attitudes. One of the key players in raising global awareness of karoshi is the WHO. Their research and reports have highlighted the global burden of work-related stress and burnout, implicitly criticizing Japan's high rates of karoshi. This international pressure has prompted some reforms in Japan, including stricter labor laws and increased scrutiny of working conditions. However, the effectiveness of these measures remains debated, with many arguing they are insufficient to address the root causes of the problem. Meanwhile, grassroots social movements have emerged, advocating for improved worker rights and a healthier work-life balance. These movements, often spearheaded by individuals who have experienced the devastating effects of karoshi firsthand or have witnessed its impact on their families and communities, play a vital role in raising public awareness and pressuring the government and corporations to enact meaningful change. Their activism often takes the form of public protests, online campaigns, and legal actions. Despite these efforts, deep-seated cultural values emphasizing dedication and loyalty to one's employer continue to fuel a culture of overwork. This ingrained cultural perspective is often associated with a strong sense of duty and the belief that long working hours demonstrate commitment and competence. This cultural context, while difficult to alter, requires a fundamental shift in mindset, which necessitates broader societal engagement and education. The fight against karoshi represents a complex interplay between international organizations, domestic activism, and deeply ingrained cultural norms. While progress has been made, significant challenges remain. The success of future efforts will depend on the collaborative engagement of all stakeholders, including the government, corporations, labor unions, and individuals, in fostering a culture that prioritizes health and well-being alongside productivity and success.
1. According to the passage, what is the main role of the WHO in addressing the karoshi issue in Japan?
2. What is one of the main obstacles hindering the effective resolution of the karoshi issue in Japan, as discussed in the passage?
3. What is the significance of grassroots social movements in tackling the karoshi issue?
4. The passage suggests that a comprehensive solution to the karoshi problem requires: