The sprawling metropolis of Neo-Kyoto, a beacon of technological advancement, grappled with a paradox. Its gleaming skyscrapers and advanced infrastructure stood in stark contrast to the overflowing landfills and dwindling green spaces. While lauded for its innovative recycling programs, a deep-seated cultural resistance to altering lifestyles hampered true sustainability. Professor Kenji Tanaka, a renowned environmental ethicist, argued that Neo-Kyoto’s predicament stemmed not solely from technological limitations, but from a philosophical disconnect. He posited that the city's consumerist culture, fueled by readily available resources and a ‘disposable’ mentality, clashed fundamentally with the principles of resource conservation and land stewardship. The pervasive belief in endless economic growth, he contended, blinded citizens to the finite nature of the planet’s resources and the long-term consequences of unsustainable practices. Tanaka’s research highlighted a critical gap between societal values and environmental action. While Neo-Kyoto’s citizens dutifully recycled plastic bottles and paper, their consumption habits far outpaced the city’s recycling capacity. Furthermore, urban expansion relentlessly encroached upon precious agricultural land, exacerbating food security concerns. He proposed that genuine sustainability required a shift in mindset, a re-evaluation of personal values, and a deep respect for the Earth's limited resources. This involved questioning the very definition of a ‘good life’, moving away from materialistic pursuits towards a more mindful and equitable approach to consumption and land use. Tanaka advocated for a community-based approach to land management, encouraging urban farming initiatives and the revitalization of traditional practices. He emphasized the importance of fostering a sense of collective responsibility, where individuals viewed themselves as stewards of the land, rather than mere consumers. His vision extended beyond recycling bins; he envisioned a future where citizens actively engaged in sustainable agriculture, community-based resource management, and mindful consumption, shaping their lifestyles in harmony with ecological limits.
1. According to Professor Tanaka, what is the primary obstacle to achieving true sustainability in Neo-Kyoto?
2. What does Professor Tanaka suggest as a necessary shift to achieve genuine sustainability?
3. Which of the following best describes Tanaka’s proposed approach to land management?
4. The passage suggests that Neo-Kyoto’s recycling programs are: