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美術表現と食品、そして文化:グローバル化の影と光」の英語長文問題

以下の英文を読み、設問に答えなさい。

The interplay between artistic expression, food, and cultural values presents a complex and fascinating field of study. Consider, for instance, the stark contrast between traditional Japanese cuisine, often meticulously presented as a miniature landscape, and the fast-food culture prevalent in many Western countries. The former emphasizes seasonality, local ingredients, and a deep respect for nature, reflecting a cultural value placed on mindful consumption and harmony with the environment. This aesthetic is reflected in the art itself. Japanese woodblock prints, for example, frequently depict scenes of nature and simple meals, showcasing the beauty in everyday life and emphasizing the interconnectedness between humans and their surroundings. These visual representations reinforce the cultural significance of food, not merely as sustenance, but as a conduit for spiritual and aesthetic experience. In contrast, the imagery associated with Western fast food often prioritizes speed, convenience, and mass consumption. Advertisements emphasize oversized portions and immediate gratification, often disregarding the origin and quality of the ingredients. The artistic representation, if any, is typically bold and simplistic, prioritizing immediate impact over nuanced detail. This reflects a cultural emphasis on efficiency and individualistic consumption, potentially at the expense of environmental sustainability and communal well-being. However, the globalization of food culture is blurring these lines. Fusion cuisine, for example, blends elements from different culinary traditions, often resulting in unique artistic expressions and challenging established cultural norms. Sushi, once a niche Japanese delicacy, has become a global phenomenon, its aesthetics and cultural significance reinterpreted and sometimes adapted to suit new contexts. This raises questions about the authenticity of cultural practices, the appropriation of artistic forms, and the preservation of traditional values in an increasingly interconnected world. Furthermore, the rise of food photography and social media has created a new platform for artistic expression related to food. Instagram, for example, is filled with beautifully styled food images that transcend mere documentation; they become works of art in themselves, shaping perceptions of desirability and influencing consumption patterns. This new artistic landscape challenges traditional notions of fine art, highlighting the potential for even everyday activities to become sites of artistic creation and cultural commentary.

1. The passage primarily contrasts which two aspects of food culture?

2. According to the passage, what cultural value does traditional Japanese cuisine reflect?

3. The passage suggests that the globalization of food culture has led to:

4. The rise of food photography on social media, according to the passage, demonstrates: