Japan, a nation renowned for its technological prowess and economic strength, faces a confluence of challenges in the 21st century. One pressing issue is the widening gap in wealth and opportunity, often linked to disparities in educational attainment. While Japan boasts a highly literate population, the quality of education varies significantly depending on socioeconomic background and geographic location. Students from affluent families often have access to superior educational resources, including private tutoring and international exchange programs, which give them a considerable advantage in university entrance exams and subsequent career paths. This educational inequality contributes to a larger societal problem: the increasing wealth gap. Those from privileged backgrounds are more likely to secure high-paying jobs in prestigious companies, perpetuating the cycle of inequality. This has implications for Japan's economic growth and social cohesion. Furthermore, the lack of upward mobility fuels social unrest and discontent, leading to political polarization. Another significant challenge is the ongoing debate surrounding work-style reform. Japan has long been associated with a culture of overwork, known as "karoshi." While there have been efforts to improve work-life balance, such as promoting shorter working hours and discouraging overtime, the progress has been slow and uneven. The ingrained cultural values that prioritize dedication and long hours continue to hinder meaningful change. Employees often feel pressured to conform to these expectations, even at the expense of their physical and mental health. The interplay between educational inequality, wealth disparity, and work-style reform is complex. For example, limited access to quality education restricts career opportunities and limits potential income, exacerbating the wealth gap. The pressure to work long hours, stemming from a culture of overwork, can leave individuals with little time for self-improvement, such as continuing education or skill development, further perpetuating the cycle of inequality. Addressing these interconnected problems requires a comprehensive strategy involving educational reform, social welfare improvements, and a fundamental shift in corporate culture.
1. According to the passage, what is one of the major factors contributing to the widening wealth gap in Japan?
2. What is "karoshi" as mentioned in the passage?
3. How does the passage describe the relationship between educational inequality and work-style reform?
4. What is the passage's overall tone regarding Japan's challenges?