The collapse of the Afghan government in 2021 plunged the country into a profound economic and humanitarian crisis. Years of conflict had already weakened the nation's infrastructure and institutions. The subsequent withdrawal of international aid, coupled with the freezing of Afghan assets abroad, crippled the national currency, the afghani. Hyperinflation ensued, impacting the cost of essential goods, pushing millions into poverty, and exacerbating existing inequalities. Attempts to stabilize the economy have faced numerous obstacles. The Taliban's return to power brought with it international sanctions, limiting access to crucial financial resources. The lack of a functioning banking system further hindered economic recovery. While some humanitarian aid has resumed, its distribution has been hampered by bureaucratic challenges and security concerns. Furthermore, the absence of a robust legal framework and the prevalence of corruption impede the implementation of effective economic policies. The rebuilding of Afghanistan's economy requires a multifaceted approach. It is not merely a matter of injecting capital but also of establishing the rule of law, promoting good governance, and fostering sustainable economic activities. The creation of a stable and transparent financial system is crucial to attract foreign investment and stimulate domestic growth. Strengthening legal institutions, combating corruption, and investing in education and infrastructure are also vital components of any long-term solution. The international community has a critical role to play in providing support and guidance, but the ultimate responsibility for rebuilding Afghanistan rests with its people. However, the path to lasting peace and economic stability remains fraught with challenges. The ongoing conflict, ethnic tensions, and the uncertain future of the Taliban government continue to cast a long shadow over the nation's prospects. Achieving sustainable development will demand concerted efforts from both the Afghan government and the international community, emphasizing not only economic reforms but also inclusive political processes and respect for human rights.
1. According to the passage, which of the following factors most significantly contributed to Afghanistan's economic crisis after the fall of the Afghan government?
2. What is the central argument made in the third paragraph regarding the rebuilding of Afghanistan's economy?
3. The passage suggests that achieving sustainable development in Afghanistan requires:
4. What is the main obstacle mentioned in the passage that hinders the distribution of humanitarian aid to Afghanistan?