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男性ステレオタイプ、センサー精度、そして長期予報:気象予測におけるバイアスと限界」の英語長文問題

以下の英文を読み、設問に答えなさい。

The accuracy of long-term weather forecasting remains a significant challenge for meteorologists. While short-term predictions have seen remarkable advancements, extending forecasts beyond a few weeks still presents considerable difficulty. One often overlooked factor contributing to this inaccuracy is the subtle influence of societal biases, particularly ingrained gender stereotypes, on the design and interpretation of forecasting models. Historically, the field of meteorology has been predominantly male. This has led to a potential bias in the development of forecasting technology. For example, the selection of key variables considered in weather models might unconsciously reflect a masculine perspective, overlooking factors deemed less 'important' or 'masculine'. This could lead to inaccurate weightings of variables such as humidity levels, often associated with more feminine attributes, thus affecting the overall precision of the forecast. Furthermore, the design of weather sensors themselves can subtly reflect these gender stereotypes. The locations and types of sensors deployed might unintentionally favour areas more likely to be associated with masculine activities (e.g., industrial zones, open fields) while neglecting others (e.g., urban residential areas with higher population density). The reliance on a limited set of data points may lead to inaccurate representations of atmospheric conditions, particularly in areas dominated by traditionally feminine spaces. The interpretation of sensor data also bears the imprint of these biases. Meteorologists, consciously or unconsciously, might interpret data through a lens shaped by their own experiences and societal conditioning. A forecast highlighting the probability of strong winds, traditionally associated with masculine strength, might receive more emphasis and attention than one predicting more subtle changes in temperature or humidity, typically linked to feminine concepts. Such subjective judgments introduce further inaccuracies. The issue is not simply about individual biases but systemic ones built into the very fabric of the field. Overcoming this requires a conscious effort to challenge existing assumptions, diversify the workforce, and adopt more inclusive methods in sensor placement and data interpretation. By acknowledging and correcting for these hidden biases, we can strive towards more accurate and reliable long-term weather forecasting, ultimately benefiting everyone.

1. According to the passage, what is one underappreciated factor affecting the accuracy of long-term weather forecasts?

2. How does the passage suggest that gender stereotypes might influence the design of weather sensors?

3. What is the main implication of the passage's discussion of bias in data interpretation?

4. What is the author's proposed solution to address the biases discussed in the passage?