ENGLISH MEBY

環境パフォーマンス、未来都市、そして利他主義:持続可能な社会への道筋」の英語長文問題

以下の英文を読み、設問に答えなさい。

The relentless pursuit of economic growth has often overshadowed the critical need for environmental sustainability. However, the growing awareness of climate change and resource depletion is prompting a paradigm shift towards a more holistic approach to urban development. Future cities are envisioned not merely as centers of economic activity, but as vibrant ecosystems that integrate environmental performance with social well-being. This paradigm shift hinges on the concept of altruism, extending beyond individual self-interest to encompass the welfare of future generations and the planet. Sustainable urban design necessitates a long-term perspective, prioritizing resource efficiency, renewable energy sources, and waste reduction. Initiatives like green building certifications, smart grids, and integrated public transportation systems all reflect this commitment to minimizing the environmental footprint of urban life. However, the transition to truly sustainable cities is not without its challenges. Balancing economic development with environmental protection requires careful planning and policy implementation. Furthermore, fostering a culture of altruism within urban communities requires effective communication, public education, and incentivized behavior change. Resistance from vested interests, conflicting priorities, and the inherent complexities of urban systems can impede progress. Despite these obstacles, the movement towards sustainable urban development continues to gain momentum. Driven by technological innovation, evolving social values, and a growing understanding of the interconnectedness between human well-being and environmental health, cities are increasingly adopting strategies that integrate environmental performance, economic viability, and social equity. The success of these efforts depends on a collective commitment to long-term sustainability and a willingness to embrace altruistic values in urban planning and governance.

1. According to the passage, what is the key element driving the shift towards sustainable urban development?

2. The passage suggests that the challenge of building sustainable cities lies primarily in:

3. What is the author's overall tone regarding the future of sustainable urban development?

4. The word "holistic" in the first paragraph most closely means:

5. The passage emphasizes the importance of which concept as a foundation for sustainable urban design?