Globalization, social security, and climate change are three interconnected challenges shaping the 21st century. Globalization, the increasing interconnectedness of nations through trade, technology, and migration, presents both opportunities and risks. While it fosters economic growth and cultural exchange, it also exacerbates inequalities, leading to social unrest and challenges to national sovereignty. Social security systems, designed to protect citizens from economic hardship, are facing unprecedented strain in the era of globalization. The mobility of capital and labor necessitates international cooperation to ensure adequate social safety nets. However, differing national priorities and economic structures often hinder such cooperation. Furthermore, aging populations in many developed countries put additional pressure on already strained social security systems, necessitating reforms that often face political resistance. Climate change, driven largely by global industrialization and consumption patterns, poses an existential threat to humanity. The effects of climate change, such as rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and resource scarcity, disproportionately impact vulnerable populations, further exacerbating existing inequalities. International cooperation is essential to mitigate the effects of climate change, requiring a global commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to unavoidable changes. However, achieving such consensus is challenging, given the differing economic interests and political priorities of nations. The interconnectedness of these three challenges is undeniable. Globalization’s emphasis on economic growth often comes at the expense of environmental sustainability and social equity. Social security systems struggle to adapt to the rapid changes brought about by globalization and the increased strain of climate-related disasters. Effective responses require international collaboration, but the pursuit of national interests often hinders the development of effective global governance mechanisms. Navigating this complex web of challenges requires a nuanced understanding of their interdependence and a commitment to innovative and collaborative solutions.
1. According to the passage, what is a major challenge faced by social security systems in the context of globalization?
2. How does the passage describe the relationship between globalization and climate change?
3. What is the author’s overall perspective on addressing the challenges mentioned in the passage?
4. Which of the following is NOT explicitly mentioned as a consequence of climate change in the passage?