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自動運転技術と社会:多様な視点からの考察」の英語長文問題

以下の英文を読み、設問に答えなさい。

The advent of autonomous vehicles (AVs) promises a revolution in transportation, potentially enhancing safety, efficiency, and accessibility. However, the integration of AVs into society presents complex challenges, demanding a multifaceted approach that considers cultural diversity and historical context. One major concern is the potential for bias in AV algorithms. Data used to train these algorithms often reflects existing societal biases, potentially leading to discriminatory outcomes. For instance, if the training data predominantly features images of light-skinned pedestrians, the AV might be less effective at detecting and avoiding darker-skinned individuals. Addressing this requires careful curation of training data and ongoing monitoring of AV performance across diverse populations. Furthermore, the cultural acceptance of AVs varies significantly across societies. In some cultures, the level of trust in technology may be lower, leading to resistance towards adopting AVs. In others, the concept of relinquishing control to a machine might clash with deeply ingrained cultural norms surrounding driving and personal autonomy. Understanding and accommodating these diverse perspectives is crucial for successful AV integration. Historically, technological advancements have often been unevenly distributed, exacerbating existing inequalities. The introduction of AVs presents a similar risk. The high initial cost of AV technology could exacerbate socio-economic disparities, limiting access for lower-income communities. Equitable access to this technology is paramount, demanding policy interventions that ensure its benefits are shared broadly. The lessons learned from past technological revolutions, such as the uneven distribution of electricity and the internet, should inform the responsible development and deployment of AVs. Consider, for example, Lenin's emphasis on equitable distribution of resources as a cornerstone of socialist ideology. While not directly applicable to the AV context, his focus on addressing societal inequality provides a useful framework for contemplating the equitable distribution of this transformative technology. Ultimately, the successful integration of AVs requires a careful consideration of technological feasibility, ethical implications, cultural diversity, and historical precedents. It necessitates a commitment to addressing potential biases, fostering trust, and ensuring equitable access for all members of society.

1. According to the passage, what is a significant challenge in the widespread adoption of autonomous vehicles?

2. How does the passage use Lenin's ideology in the context of AV deployment?

3. What is the main argument presented in the passage regarding the successful integration of AVs?

4. The passage suggests that data used to train AV algorithms should be carefully curated to mitigate what problem?