The interconnectedness of human health, water resources, and environmental sustainability is a defining challenge of the 21st century. A comprehensive approach, often termed a ‘One Health’ initiative, recognizes the intricate links between these three domains. For example, water scarcity can directly impact human health through dehydration and the spread of waterborne diseases. Simultaneously, inadequate sanitation and pollution compromise water quality, creating a vicious cycle that undermines both human well-being and ecological balance. Agricultural practices, while crucial for food security, can also contribute significantly to water pollution through runoff containing fertilizers and pesticides. These pollutants not only harm aquatic life but can also contaminate drinking water sources, leading to various health problems. Climate change exacerbates these challenges. Rising temperatures increase the frequency and intensity of droughts, further straining water resources. Changes in precipitation patterns can also disrupt ecosystems, impacting biodiversity and increasing the risk of zoonotic diseases—diseases transmitted from animals to humans. Effective strategies require a holistic approach. Investing in water infrastructure, promoting sustainable agricultural techniques, and implementing robust wastewater treatment systems are all crucial steps. Public health campaigns focused on hygiene and sanitation play a vital role in preventing waterborne diseases. Furthermore, fostering international cooperation and knowledge sharing is essential to address the transnational nature of these challenges. Ultimately, achieving a sustainable future demands a paradigm shift, moving away from fragmented approaches towards integrated solutions that prioritize the interconnectedness of human health, water security, and environmental protection.
1. According to the passage, what is a major consequence of water scarcity?
2. What is described as a ‘vicious cycle’ in the passage?
3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a strategy to address the challenges discussed in the passage?
4. What is the main idea of the passage?